Locale Settings

While Gnucash was written in american english, there are many translations available. This page shows, how to select them.

System settings

In general GnuCash uses the system settings of your computer. So the control center for system settings of your desktop environment or operating system should be your first choice to adjust them.

But there are some cases, e.g. as a translator or bug hunter, where you wish to tweak them. Usually this is done by setting the localeenvironment variables with proper #IETF language tags, but the How depends on your operating system.

IETF language tags

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) defined the language tags in BCP 47. In short commonly they are of the form:

<language>[_<region>[.<charset>]]

where usually

• <language> is a 2 letter abbreviation taken from the List of ISO 639-1 codes and
• <region> from ISO 3166-1 alpha-2

Under Linux

locale -a

gives you a list of the on your system installed locales and

locale -m

of the charmaps.

If your desired language or charset is missing you should install them using the tools of your operating system.

The prefered charset is UTF-8, but Windows might wish another codepage. If the program crashes as described in Bug 628710 - Crash when calling "New File" with a charset <> utf8 in LANG you should explicitly set the charset to utf-8.

LANG vs LANGUAGE

It may be that both variables are not always required. It depends on the system. It does no harm to set both of them and this ensures that the language is really set.

LANGUAGE sets the language of the program surface.

LANG sets a whole bunch of other LC_ variables, which you can always check, at least under Linux, by running locale. This setting affects also beneath others

• the default currency,
• available account templates.

So if you understand spanish better than english, but wish to create an US tax report, you can run

LANGUAGE=es LANG=en_US gnucash

Changing the Language on Linux

In general you should set the LANGUAGE and LANG environment variables before starting GnuCash. For example:

$ env LANGUAGE=fr_FR
$ env LANG=fr_FR
$ gnucash

This example sets the variables to use GnuCash in French (français) and then launches GnuCash.

You could also do this in one line:

 $ LANGUAGE=de_DE LANG=de_DE gnucash

This example sets the language to German (Deutsch).

This one-line method can also be used if you like to change the default language for the GnuCash menu item (or in the gnucash.desktop file). For these cases, the path to GnuCash is usually a full path and the command is followed with '%f', which represents the file to be opened:

$ LANGUAGE=de_DE LANG=de_DE /usr/bin/gnucash %f

On some systems the encoding could be part of the locales name, like "no_NO.UTF-8". You can use these names as well.

Note for Debian users

Make sure your locales of the language in which you want GnuCash to appear are properly installed. You can check by locale -a | grep de_DE (in case of German). If nothing is in output, run dpkg-reconfigure locales and install needed one.

Note that the default desktop manager for Debian is GDM which does NOT read the .xsession files. To get the right language using GDM, use the Options button on the GDM login screen and set the default language. (The list includes all those languages supported by locales). When you login, confirm that the new language is to be the default for future sessions.

Changing the Language on OSX

GnuCash 2.4.0 or newer

By default, Gnucash will select the first available translation from the list in your language list (System Settings>International or System Settings>Languages and Text, depending on what version of OSX you're using). Other localization settings (numeric format, date format, and default currency) are determined from the "Formats" tab of the same System Settings panel. Environment variables have no effect, and there is no environment.sh file.

If you want to use a different translation from the one that is automatically selected, you can run the following in Terminal.app:

  defaults write -app Gnucash AppleLanguages '(de, en)'

(Use whatever language codes you want, replacing Deutsch and English. It won't work if there isn't a translation file for the language you want.)

If you want to unset it (that is, return to using the system settings), run this:

defaults delete -app Gnucash AppleLanguages

You can adjust the other locale settings similarly: Use AppleLocale 'xx_XX', providing a language and country code; you can specialize it for currency with AppleLocale 'xx_XX@currency=YYY', where YYY is a valid ISO-4217 currency code.

NB: The quotes around the value must be single quotes. If you use double quotes you'll get the following error:

 Rep argument is not a dictionary
 Defaults have not been changed.

GnuCash 2.2.9

With Gnucash 2.2.9 (the first version with a project-provided MacOSX build), the language and locale settings are extracted from the system defaults in the launcher script, Gnucash.app/Contents/MacOS/Gnucash (You can see this file in Finder by control-clicking on Gnucash.app and selecting "Show Package Contents" from the context menu; the Contents subfolder will open in a new Finder window. From there you can navigate to the launcher script and open it with your favorite editor. If you don't have a favorite editor, TextEdit works fine.)

The shell script method of obtaining the locale information proved to be a bit brittle, producing surprising results for a few users. If you find that you want to override it, you can change the variables in the script or just add the following at the bottom

export LANG=xx_XX 
export LANGUAGE=xx_XX

just before the

$EXEC "$bundle_contents/MacOS/$name-bin" $* $EXTRA_ARGS

line. It's important to export both LANG and LANGUAGE because while the POSIX spec says that LANGUAGE should override LANG and Gnucash follows the spec, Gtk+ doesn't and uses only LANG. Some button and menu item translations are provided by Gtk+, so you can get mixed languages on controls in Gnucash.

If you need to adjust something else (currency, perhaps), look at the locale-setting block in the launcher script to see what variables to override.

Changing the Language on Windows

GnuCash 2.4.0 or newer

If you are running GnuCash 2.4.0 (or newer) on Windows, you can set the interface language by editing the file environment. By default this file is installed in c:\\Program Files\gnucash\etc\gnucash. Change this file such that the last few lines are:

# If you wish GnuCash to use a different language, uncomment the two parameters
# below and set LANG to your preferred locale
LANG=nl_BE
LANGUAGE={LANG}

Note that the second line should remain as-is, unless you explicitly want to set LANG and LANGUAGE to different locales as explained under #LANG vs LANGUAGE. The braces are a variable expansion of the LANG variable.

The Language lines in your Environment file should look like this (change language variables based on desired language):

LANG=fr_CA
LANGUAGE={LANG}

GnuCash 2.2.9 and older

A good place to set your language preference is in gnucash.cmd. By default this file is installed in 'c:\\Program Files\gnucash\bin'. Change this file such that the last few lines are:

set LANG=nl_BE
set LANGUAGE=nl_BE
start gnucash-bin %*