Git

Git and Gnucash

What is Git?

Git is a distributed version control system originally developed by Linus Torvalds for managing Linux source code without requiring a central server. It is also the primary VCS used by the Gnome and Free Desktop projects. You can get the latest version for your system and read a rich variety of online documentation at Git's Home.

What has that to do with Gnucash?

Some of Gnucash's primary developers are experimenting with using Git to take advantage of its branching and merging facilities, which are much richer than those provided by Subversion. We have an experimental repository at Github which is updated from the canonical subversion repository every 4 hours.

Using the Github Repository

Non-Committers

Just clone the repository as usual:

 git clone git://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash.git

Note that the default branch is trunk, not master which is normal for git. If that bothers you, just make a tracking branch named master:

 git branch -t master refs/heads/trunk

When you have patches, use

 git diff > patchfile

in the root directory of your local repository to prepare them; then add the patchfile as an attachment to the appropriate bug report.

If you have a Github account, you can fork Gnucash from within Github and clone your forked repository. This allows you to publish your fork and allows Gnucash developers to pull your changes. Please don't use the Github "pull request" mechanism; we can't work directly in the Github repository because it would break synchronization with subversion.

Committers

Set up

Committers start by cloning the repository the same way. Since changes need to be tagged with the subversion revision, no-one should push to the Git repository; a good way to make sure that this doesn't happen by mistake is to use the same read-only URI given above for non-committers. Alternatively, fork the Gnucash repository to your Github account and clone that (use the read-write URI in that case).

Next download git-update, a shell script to pull changes from github and fixup the branch references for git svn. Put it somewhere on your path. Edit it so that the path to the git library directory (5th line) is correct for your installation or set $GITPERLLIB in your environment to point to the location of Git.pm.

Change directory to your new local repository and run

 git svn init --stdlayout svn+ssh://you@svn.gnucash.org/repo/gnucash
 git-update

Note Be sure to substitute your svn.gnucash.org userid for "you" in that URI!

That's it. Always use git-update instead of git pull. If you forget, git svn will error out because the refs that git svn can see won't match the ones in refs/remotes/origin. It's no big deal, though, just run git-update and everything will be fixed up.

Note git svn doesn't always provide helpful error messages; it will often just fail with a perl error. Aside from messed-up references, it doesn't handle gracefully failing to connect to the svn server.

Committing

 git svn dcommit

Will commit your changes back to the subversion repository.

Branching and Merging

This is the whole point of the exercise, right? In order to not make a mess in the subversion repository, we have to be careful to keep our Git branches in Git and not bleed them into subversion by mistake. Once a branch is created in Subversion, it can be merged exactly once back into trunk (or its parent subversion branch), but it can be rebased or cherry-picked as much as you like.

What's the difference? When Git merges, it creates a new reference with more than one parent. It knows when assembling a working copy how to follow those multiple parents and apply their changes in order to produce the target version. A rebase on the other hand patches the target branch for each revision in the supplying branch, creating a new set of references. Cherry-pick does the same as rebase except that it only applies selected revisions.

Subversion doesn't understand this "parent" thing, so when you dcommit a merge revision, git svn basically rebases the merge into subversion. That's fine, but if you have more than one merge between branches (especially if they go in both directions, which is pretty common in Git), git svn will get confused, either when creating the commits into svn or when extracting them to update Github. By doing the rebase yourself, git remains in control of the process and can keep the revision stream to subversion nice and linear.

Collaboration

So Subversion can't see our Git branches. What do we do if several developers need to work together on a feature?

There are several ways to go about it: You can pass patches between you over email, chat, or carrier pigeon; Git is designed to handle that easily (except for carrier pigeon transport, as that requires retyping the patch, which is a pain). You can arrange for all of your repositories to be available on the net, and git pull amongst yourselves. Or you can use one of the public repositories like Github and Gitorious to manage your changes.

Setting up and Maintaining the Mirror

This is mostly for documentation in the event that for some reason someone else needs to take over updating from subversion, or someone from another project happens upon this and wants to do the same themselves.

Download git-svn-mirror and gnc_authorsput it on your path.

If you're taking over updating, set up a committer's clone (see above) to get started from. Adjust the config file to look like this:

 [core]
   repositoryformatversion = 0
   filemode = true
   bare = false
   logallrefupdates = true
   ignorecase = true
 [svn-remote "svn"]
   url = svn+ssh://you@svn.gnucash.org/repo
   fetch = gnucash/trunk:refs/remotes/svn/trunk
   branches = gnucash/branches/*:refs/remotes/svn/*
   tags = gnucash/tags/*:refs/remotes/svn/tags/*
 [svn2git]
   prefix = svn/
 [svn]
   authorsfile = /home/gnc_authors.git
 [remote "origin"]
   url = git@github.com:Gnucash/gnucash.git
   fetch = +refs/remotes/svn/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
   push = refs/remotes/svn/*:refs/heads/*

Note the "you" in the svn URI and the authorsfile path.

Now you can run

 git-svn-mirror update /path/to/git-repo

to test it. If everything works, you can add it to a cron job and you're done.

If you're starting from scratch, there's a little prep work, mostly involving setting up the authors file. Instructions are in the git svn documentation; git-svn-mirror is a perl program and is documented with "Plain Old Documentation"; you can read it with git-svn-mirror man. The important thing to remember is that you should run git-svn-mirror clone only once; even if it doesn't completely succeed, always run git-svn-mirror update on an existing mirror.

Another note is that large subversion repositories take a long time to fetch; Gnucash's took 10 solid days on a 2.8GHz 4-core Mac Pro when there were 20,000+ revisions.