Difference between revisions of "Configuration Locations"

Revision as of 09:05, 1 July 2018

GnuCash 3.0 will read several configuration files in different directories. And several pages on this wiki will refer to one or more of these. As these directories often differ between operating systems and may be overridden in several ways, this page will attempt to give an overview. What each file does can be found on other pages instead.

A note beforehand on Operating systems

This page will frequently mention different operating systems. However to keep the text manageable it won't list all systems on which GnuCash is known to run, unless it's important for differentiation. In general the page will mention Linux (which also includes many similar operating systems that adhere to the Free Desktop specification like various BSD flavours), Windows (for all supported Windows versions) or Macos (for the version of GnuCash that is built with Quartz integration, like the bundle that can be downloaded on the GnuCash website). On Macos there is also a MacPorts version of GnuCash. Except for the Macos proper home directory it behaves identical to Linux and variants. So it will only be listed in the HOME directory definition.

Directories

Let's start with defining a few common directory locations that will be referred to regularly.

HOME

The user's home directory on your computer. While this may be obvious I'm mentioning it here as it's the base directory for several others below. The usual locations per OS are:

Linux

/home/<username> - for example /home/johndoe

Note that in a linux context this directory is also often referred to as $HOME or ~/

Windows

c:\Users\<username> - for example c:\Users\johndoe

Macos, MacPorts

/Users/<username> - for example /Users/johndoe

In the following directories I will simply refer to this base directory as HOME.

USER_DATA_HOME

This directory can be used by applications to store data that can't be stored in the user's data file for some reason. For example gnucash will store saved reports here, or some metadata such as which register tabs were open for your books last time you closed them. The default locations:

Linux

HOME/.local/share

Windows

On this platform there are actually two directories for this kind of data:

HOME\AppData\Local, often referred to as %LOCALAPPDATA%

HOME\AppData\Roaming, often referred to as %APPDATA%

The reason for having two is not important in the scope of this page.

Note %APPDATA% is a hidden directory. However if you type %APPDATA% directly in the location bar of your Windows Explorer you will see its contents directly. Similarly you can also directly access %LOCALAPPDATA%.

Macos (formerly OS X)

On this platform there are actually two directories for this kind of data:

HOME/Library/Application Support

HOME/.local/share

The former is native to Macos (and will be used by GnuCash), the latter is often used by software that's ported from linux (like Gtk3). The difference will get clearer further down.

It's important to understand this directory is shared by all applications you run on your system. So aside from gnucash, applications like Firefox, Microsoft Office, LibreOffice and so on will also write here. To avoid clutter most applications have the courtesy to create their own subdirectory in here and only write in that subdirectory. This leads us seamlessly to the next couple of important directories:

GNC_DATA_HOME

This is the subdirectory in USER_DATA_HOME GnuCash uses exclusively for it's user specific data. The default locations:

Linux

USER_DATA_HOME/gnucash

Windows

%APPDATA%\GnuCash

Macos (formerly OS X)

HOME/Library/Application Support/GnuCash

To note is that on Windows the base directory is APPDATA and on OS X this is HOME/Library/Application Support. The base directories will be different for the next relevant directory:

GTK_DATA_HOME

As gnucash is using Gtk for its graphical user interface, locations that are used by Gtk are also relevant. Note the base directories on Windows and Macos for this one differ from the base directories for GNC_DATA_HOME.

Linux

USER_DATA_HOME/gtk-3.0

Windows

%LOCALAPPDATA%\gtk-3.0

Macos (formerly OS X)

HOME/.local/share/gtk-3.0

USER_CONFIG_HOME

This directory is used to configuration files for applications. The difference between "configuration files" and "application data that can't be stored with the main data file" is subtle. On Windows for example there is no difference between the two and USER_DATA_HOME will be used. On linux GnuCash will roughly make a distinction on whether the file is intended to be created/modified by the user (USER_CONFIG_HOME) or by GnuCash itself (USER_DATA_HOME). I believe Gtk3 maintains a similar strategy. On Macos it's a bit more complicated as GnuCash will use USER_DATA_HOME for all GnuCash own configuration files, but another directory for all of its support libraries.

Default locations:

Linux

HOME/.config

Windows

On this platform there are actually two directories for this kind of data:

HOME\AppData\Local, often referred to as %LOCALAPPDATA%

HOME\AppData\Roaming, often referred to as %APPDATA%

The reason for having two is not important in the scope of this page.

Note %APPDATA% is a hidden directory. However if you type %APPDATA% directly in the location bar of your Windows Explorer you will see its contents directly. Similarly you can also directly access %LOCALAPPDATA%.

Macos (formerly OS X)

On this platform there are actually two directories for this kind of data:

HOME/Library/Application Support

HOME/Library/Application Support/config

The former is native to Macos (and will be used by GnuCash), the latter is what GnuCash configures for all its support libraries (like Gtk3).

Like USER_DATA_HOME USER_CONFIG_HOME is common for all applications. Each application will typically expect an application specific subdirectory here.

GNC_CONFIG_HOME

This is the subdirectory in USER_CONFIG_HOME GnuCash uses exclusively for it's user specific configuration data. The default locations:

Linux

USER_CONFIG_HOME/gnucash

Windows

%APPDATA%\GnuCash

Macos (formerly OS X)

HOME/Library/Application Support/GnuCash

To note is that on Windows the base directory is APPDATA and on OS X this is HOME/Library/Application Support. The base directories will be different for the next relevant directory:

GTK_CONFIG_HOME

As gnucash is using Gtk for its graphical user interface, locations that are used by Gtk are also relevant. Note the base directories on Windows and Macos for this one differ from the base directories for GNC_DATA_HOME.

Linux

USER_CONFIG_HOME/gtk-3.0

Windows

%LOCALAPPDATA%\gtk-3.0

Macos (formerly OS X)

HOME/Library/Application Support/GnuCash/gtk-3.0

Files

With the most common base directories defined we can now create a reference list of relevant data and configuration files in each of these directories.

In GNC_DATA_HOME

As written above GnuCash manages these files for you. So usually there's no need to manipulate these by hand. If you do need to make changes be sure to do so while GnuCash is not running.

accelerator-map

A file in which custom accelerator key bindings are stored.

books/<name>.gcm

GnuCash tracks all metadata related to a book in this file. There will be one such file for each book you have ever created/opened. This metadata contains things like window positions, sort orders, which columns to show, CSV import presets,...

checks

a directory to hold custom check formats.

Note for developers: this should probably live in GNC_CONFIG_HOME as this is mostly user configurable data.

expressions-2.0

a file to contain custom expressions managed by the GnuCash expression parser.

Note for developers: This file needs more documentation.

qif-accounts-map

used by the qif importer to keep track of mappings between qif account references and gnucash accounts. This file is formatted in the guile scripting language.

saved-reports-x.y

this file keeps track of all saved report configurations you have created in gnucash. There may be more than one such file with different numbers in x.y. Normally the highest number is the active file while those with lower numbers are kept as a backup (they were the main file for older versions of gnucash). As qif-accounts-map this file is formatted in the guile scripting language.

stylesheets-2.0

this file keeps track of all personalized style sheets for reports. This file is formatted in the guile scripting language as well.

In GTK_CONFIG_HOME

settings.ini

a configuration file in which several aspects of Gtk3 can be configured. Examples are the theme, the default font and size, scrollbar behaviour, ...

The full list of configurable parameters can be found on the Gtk Settings page

gtk.css

a css file for styling Gtk widgets. Any css changes in this file will override overlapping style information in the current theme so this can be used to tweak the theme in more detail.

More information on how these file are used can be found on our GTK3 page. That page has several examples as well.

In GNC_CONFIG_HOME

config-user.scm

this file is the entry point to extend GnuCash by means of the guile scripting language. It's most often used to load additional reports but us not restricted to only that.

gtk-3.0.css

like GTK_CONFIG_HOME's gtk.css this file can be used to manipulate styling for Gtk widgets. Any css changes in this file will override overlapping style info in gtk.css (and hence the current theme as well).

The difference between GTK_CONFIG_HOME's gtk.css and GNC_CONFIG_HOME's gtk-3.0.css is subtle: gtk-3.0.css will only affect GnuCash while gtk.css may also affect other gtk based applications on your system (for example gimp,...)

log.conf

via this file you can manipulate how much information GnuCash will write to a log file. By default this is pretty mild. To help developers in debugging problems the verbosity can be increased.

How to override default locations

The #Directories section above shows default locations used on different operating systems. Sometimes there locations are not convenient. There are several ways to alter them (or your system already alters them for you using one of the below methods).

Environment variable GNC_DATA_HOME

Platforms: All

When a directory is specified via this environment variable GnuCash will unconditionally use that directory as GNC_DATA_HOME, provided this directory exists and is writable or can be created writable. This override will take the highest precedence and works on all operating systems.

Environment variable XDG_DATA_HOME

Platforms: Linux, macos

This environment variable can be used to directly set USER_DATA_HOME. As such it will affect the base directory for GNC_DATA_HOME and GTK_DATA_HOME. On macos this will only affect GTK_DATA_HOME.

Note

The Directories page has some background information on the origin of the XDG_ environment variables.

Environment variable XDG_CONFIG_HOME

Platforms: Linux, macos

This environment variable can be used to directly set USER_CONFIG_HOME. As such it will affect the base directory for GNC_CONFIG_HOME and GTK_CONFIG_HOME. On macos this will only affect GTK_CONFIG_HOME.

There is a caveat here though: on macos GnuCash will set XDG_CONFIG_HOME itself via <bundle>/Resources/etc/gnucash/environment. The only way to override XDG_CONFIG_HOME on this platform is via #File environment.local and this should be repeated each time a GnuCash update is installed.

Note

The Directories page has some background information on the origin of the XDG_ environment variables.

Environment variables LOCALAPPDATA and APPDATA

Platforms: Windows

By setting these environment variables USER_DATA_HOME (and by extension USER_CONFIG_HOME) can be set directly on Windows. Hence depending on which of these two is altered this directly affects GNC_DATA_HOME/GNC_CONFIG_HOME (in case of APPDATA) or GTK_DATA_HOME/GTK_CONFIG_HOME (in case of LOCALAPPDATA).

Note you probably don't want to change these environment variables system wide as that would affect all applications on your system.

File environment.local

Platforms: All

All of the above environment variables can also be set for GnuCash only by creating a file named environment.local next to the file named environment in the gnucash installation. The typical location for this environment file is platform dependent:

Linux

/etc/gnucash/environment or more generally <installprefix>/etc/gnucash/environment

Windows

c:\Program Files(x86)\GnuCash\etc\gnucash\environment

Macos (formerly OS X)

<GnuCash.app>/Resources/etc/GnuCash/environment

The format of the environment.local file is explained at the top of the environment file.

Note

while on Macos this works there is an issue when updating gnucash. Each time you update your gnucash package environment.local will be removed. So you may want to keep a copy of the file outside of the application bundle that you can put back after each update.