Difference between revisions of "Glossary"

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{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;"
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! scope="row"|Languages
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| [[de/{{PAGENAME:Glossar}}|Deutsch]]
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| [[He/{{PAGENAME:מילון מונחים}}|עִברִית]]
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|}
 
The glossary explains some often used terms.
 
The glossary explains some often used terms.
  
−
Since version 2.6.15 GnuCash's Tutorial & Concepts Guide includes a [http://code.gnucash.org/docs/C/gnucash-guide/go01.html glossary]. This page contains additional terms useful for developers, documentation writers, and translators.
+
Since version 2.6.15 GnuCash's Tutorial & Concepts Guide includes a [{{URL:docs}}C/gnucash-guide/gnc-gloss.html glossary]. This page contains additional terms useful for developers, documentation writers, and translators.
  
 
==" " ... @==
 
==" " ... @==
Line 8: Line 13:
 
;'''$''' : is the starting symbol of variable names under Linux, similar to %variable% under Windows.
 
;'''$''' : is the starting symbol of variable names under Linux, similar to %variable% under Windows.
  
−
;'''$HOME''' : contains the path to your home directory.  
+
;'''$HOME''': contains the path to your home directory.  
 
:'''Windows Note:''' $HOME is at ''%SYSDRIVE%\Documents and Settings\%USER%\''.
 
:'''Windows Note:''' $HOME is at ''%SYSDRIVE%\Documents and Settings\%USER%\''.
 
:For example, if your system is installed on drive "C:" and your username is "foo", $HOME is ''C:\Documents and Settings\foo''.
 
:For example, if your system is installed on drive "C:" and your username is "foo", $HOME is ''C:\Documents and Settings\foo''.
Line 14: Line 19:
 
==A==
 
==A==
  
−
;[http://www.aqbanking.de AqBanking] : a library, which implements the german ''Home Banking Computer Interface'' '''[[#H|HBCI]]''' and ''Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard'' '''EBICS''', besides '''[[#O|OFX]]''' Direct Connect and '''Paypal'''. It is the successor of ''openHBCI''. See [[AqBanking]] for use in GnuCash.
+
;[{{URL:AB}} AqBanking]: a library, which implements the german ''Home Banking Computer Interface'' '''[[#H|HBCI]]''' and ''Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard'' '''EBICS''', besides '''[[#O|OFX]]''' Direct Connect and '''Paypal'''. It is the successor of ''openHBCI''. See [[AqBanking]] for use in GnuCash.
  
 
==B==
 
==B==
  
−
;BIC: The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9362 Business Identifier Codes] are international routing codes registered at [[#S|SWIFT]].
+
;BIC: The ''alphanumeric'' [{{URL:wp}}ISO_9362 Business Identifier Codes] are ''international'' routing codes registered at [[#S|SWIFT]]. In contrast to ''national'' routing numbers they are used in international money transfer.
 +
:;See also: [[#I|IBAN]], [[#S|SEPA]], SWIFT.
  
 
==C==
 
==C==
Line 24: Line 30:
 
;Chart of Accounts (CoA): A listing of all the accounts available in the data file. The chart of accounts consists of balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses, gains, losses). The chart of accounts can be expanded and tailored to reflect the operations of the company. The GnuCash chart of accounts can be selected from the File menu.
 
;Chart of Accounts (CoA): A listing of all the accounts available in the data file. The chart of accounts consists of balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses, gains, losses). The chart of accounts can be expanded and tailored to reflect the operations of the company. The GnuCash chart of accounts can be selected from the File menu.
  
−
;CSV : Stands for ''Comma Separated Values''. CSV files are used to store data in ''plain text''. Each line of the file is a record and each record can be comprised of multiple fields separated by commas. More information can be found at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values Wikipedia]
+
;CSIDL: ''Constant special item ID list'' values provide a unique system-independent way to identify special folders used frequently by applications, but which may not have the same name or location on any given system. For example, the system folder may be "C:\Windows" on one system and "C:\Winnt" on another. These constants are defined in <tt>Shlobj.h</tt>. [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb762494(v=vs.85).aspx Windows Dev Center]
 +
:Microsofts equivalent to [[#X|XDG]].
 +
 
 +
;CSV: Stands for ''Comma Separated Values''. CSV files are used to store a table of data in ''plain text''. Each line of the file is a record and each record can be comprised of multiple fields separated by commas. More information can be found at [{{URL:wp}}Comma-separated_values Wikipedia]
  
 
==D==
 
==D==
  
−
; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBMS DBMS] : Data Base Management System, like [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL mySQL] or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostgreSQL PostgreSQL]
+
; [{{URL:wp}}DBMS DBMS] : Data Base Management System, like [{{URL:wp}}MySQL mySQL] or [{{URL:wp}}PostgreSQL PostgreSQL]
  
−
; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DocBook DocBook] : a Semantics markup language for technical documentation based on [[#X|XML]]. The content can then be published in a variety of formats, including HTML, XHTML, EPUB, PDF, man pages, Web help and HTML Help, without requiring users to make any changes to the source. [http://www.linurs.org/linux/Docbook.html Urs Lindegger] has a nice introduction while the official documentation is available with [http://www.docbook.org/ DocBook: The Definitive Guide].
+
; [{{URL:wp}}DocBook DocBook] : a Semantics markup language for technical documentation based on [[#X|XML]]. The content can then be published in a variety of formats, including HTML, XHTML, EPUB, PDF, man pages, Web help and HTML Help, without requiring users to make any changes to the source. [http://www.linurs.org/linux/Docbook.html Urs Lindegger] has a nice introduction while the official documentation is available with [http://www.docbook.org/ DocBook: The Definitive Guide].
  
 
;[http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/ Doxygen] : a tool for the automated generation of ''source code'' documentation. [http://www.doxygen.org doxygen.org] says that "Doxygen is a documentation system for C++, C, Java, IDL (Corba and Microsoft flavors) and to some extent PHP and C#."
 
;[http://www.stack.nl/~dimitri/doxygen/ Doxygen] : a tool for the automated generation of ''source code'' documentation. [http://www.doxygen.org doxygen.org] says that "Doxygen is a documentation system for C++, C, Java, IDL (Corba and Microsoft flavors) and to some extent PHP and C#."
 +
 +
==F==
 +
;[{{URL:wp}}Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard FHS]: The '''Filesystem Hierarchy Standard''' defines the directory structure and directory contents in Linux distributions. But the structure of the users $HOME directory if defined by [[#X|XDG]].
  
 
==G==
 
==G==
  
−
;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAAP GAAP] : The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_accepted_accounting_principles Generally Accepted Accounting Principles] are the rules by which Business Accounting has to be done, especially in the U.S. and some other countries. For international standards see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Accounting_Standards International Accounting Standards] (IAS) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Financial_Reporting_Standards International Financial Reporting Standards] (IFRS). You should also compare your locale standards like e.g. for Germany [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunds%C3%A4tze_ordnungsm%C3%A4%C3%9Figer_Buchf%C3%BChrung Grundsätze ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung].
+
;[{{URL:wp}}GAAP GAAP] : The [{{URL:wp}}Generally_accepted_accounting_principles Generally Accepted Accounting Principles] are the rules by which Business Accounting has to be done, especially in the U.S. and some other countries. For international standards see [{{URL:wp}}International_Accounting_Standards International Accounting Standards] (IAS) and [{{URL:wp}}International_Financial_Reporting_Standards International Financial Reporting Standards] (IFRS). You should also compare your locale standards like e.g. for Germany [{{URL:wp-de}}Grunds%C3%A4tze_ordnungsm%C3%A4%C3%9Figer_Buchf%C3%BChrung Grundsätze ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung].
  
−
; [http://projects.gnome.org/gconf/ GConf] : Gnome's Configuration Sytem has been used by GnuCash <=2.4 to store its configuration. In 2.5.x it was replaced by GSettings.
+
; [{{URL:wp}}GConf GConf] : '''G'''nome's '''Conf'''iguration Sytem has been used by GnuCash <=2.4 to store its configuration. In 2.5.x it was replaced by GSettings.
  
−
;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME GNOME]: pristine derived from ''GNU Network Object Model Environment'' is a desktop environment, from which Gnucash uses a bunch of libraries.
+
;[{{URL:wp}}GNOME GNOME]: pristine derived from ''GNU Network Object Model Environment'' is a desktop environment, from which Gnucash uses a bunch of libraries.
  
 
;GSettings: Since GnuCash 2.5 the tool to store the users configuration data. It uses the native data store of the operating system:
 
;GSettings: Since GnuCash 2.5 the tool to store the users configuration data. It uses the native data store of the operating system:
−
:;Linux: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dconf DConf] since Gnome 3.0 dropped GConf. Use the command-line <tt>dconf-editor</tt> to modify prefs when GnuCash isn't running.
+
:;Linux: [{{URL:wp}}Dconf DConf] since Gnome 3.0 dropped GConf. Use the command-line <tt>dconf-editor</tt> to modify prefs when GnuCash isn't running.
 
:;MacOsX: ''Defaults''. Use the command-line <tt>defaults</tt>(1) to modify prefs when GnuCash isn't running.
 
:;MacOsX: ''Defaults''. Use the command-line <tt>defaults</tt>(1) to modify prefs when GnuCash isn't running.
 
:;Windows: Registry.
 
:;Windows: Registry.
  
−
;[http://www.gtk.org gtk+] : the ''GIMP Tool Kit''. It is the underlying graphical library that is used by GIMP, the ''GNU Image Manipulation Program'', but also by the whole Gnome desktop. [http://www.gtk.org gtk.org] says that "GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. Offering a complete set of widgets, GTK+ is suitable for projects ranging from small one-off projects to complete application suites."
+
;[{{URL:wp}}GTK gtk] : the ''GIMP Tool Kit''. It is the underlying graphical library that is used by GIMP, the ''GNU Image Manipulation Program'', but also by the whole Gnome desktop. [https://www.gtk.org gtk.org] says that "GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. Offering a complete set of widgets, GTK+ is suitable for projects ranging from small one-off projects to complete application suites."
  
−
;[http://www.gnu.org/s/guile/ guile] : ''GNU Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions'' is an interpreter for the Scheme programming language, packaged as a library which can be incorporated into your programs. Other interpreters for Scheme are e.g. MIT Scheme, UMB Scheme, Luna, Hobbit, and many others.
+
;[https://www.gnu.org/s/guile/ guile] : ''GNU Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions'' is an interpreter for the Scheme programming language, packaged as a library which can be incorporated into your programs. Other interpreters for Scheme are e.g. MIT Scheme, UMB Scheme, Luna, Hobbit, and many others.
  
−
;[http://www.nongnu.org/g-wrap g-wrap] : a tool for creating Scheme interfaces to C libraries and vice versa. (replaced by swig for gnucash >= 2.2.0)
+
;[https://www.nongnu.org/g-wrap g-wrap] : a tool for creating Scheme interfaces to C libraries and vice versa. (replaced by swig for gnucash >= 2.2.0)
  
 
==H==
 
==H==
Line 57: Line 69:
 
;[http://www.hbci-zka.de/english/ HBCI/FinTS] : a bank-independent online banking protocol used by German banks. HBCI (Home Banking Computer Interface) has been developed by the German Central Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). The standard is publicly available and is used by almost all German banks, but nowhere else in this world. Since 2002 it is called „Financial Transaction Services“ (FinTS). In GnuCash it can be used via [[#A|AqBanking]].
 
;[http://www.hbci-zka.de/english/ HBCI/FinTS] : a bank-independent online banking protocol used by German banks. HBCI (Home Banking Computer Interface) has been developed by the German Central Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). The standard is publicly available and is used by almost all German banks, but nowhere else in this world. Since 2002 it is called „Financial Transaction Services“ (FinTS). In GnuCash it can be used via [[#A|AqBanking]].
  
−
;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML HTML]: The HyperText Markup Language is usually used for websites, but also the GnuCash reports.
+
;[{{URL:wp}}HTML HTML]: The HyperText Markup Language is usually used for websites, but also the GnuCash reports.
  
 
==I==
 
==I==
−
;IBAN : The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number International Bank Account Number] consits of up to 34 alphanumeric characters, as follows:
+
;IBAN : The [{{URL:wp}}International_Bank_Account_Number International Bank Account Number] consits of up to 34 alphanumeric characters, as follows:
 
:* country code using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 – two letters,
 
:* country code using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 – two letters,
 
:* check digits – two digits, and
 
:* check digits – two digits, and
Line 73: Line 85:
  
 
==M==
 
==M==
 +
;MIC : [{{URL:wp}}Market_Identifier_Code Market Identifier Code] (ISO 10383) is a ''unique identification code'' used to identify ''securities trading exchanges'', regulated and non-regulated trading markets. The MIC is a ''four alphanumeric character code'' like <tt>XNAS</tt> for US <tt>NASDAQ</tt> and used in some [[Online Quotes]] modules.
 +
:;Download: [https://www.iso20022.org/market-identifier-codes iso20022.org/market-identifier-codes]
  
−
;MIME : [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions] are also used to register ''document types'' and associate them with ''applications'' in desktop environments like Gnome, KDE, ...
+
;MIME : [{{URL:wp}}MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions] are also used to register ''document types'' and associate them with ''applications'' in desktop environments like Gnome, KDE, ...
  
−
;MTxxx : [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWIFT_message_types SWIFT Message Types] are a bunch of financial information standards defined by [[#S|SWIFT]] and used for international exchange. Several (European) banks offer interfaces for some of them to their clients, too.
+
;MTxxx : [{{URL:wp}}SWIFT_message_types SWIFT Message Types] are a bunch of financial information standards defined by [[#S|SWIFT]] and used for international exchange. Several (European) banks offer interfaces for some of them to their clients, too.
 
:*GnuCash can import some MT94x files.
 
:*GnuCash can import some MT94x files.
 
:*It is also used internally in HBCI.
 
:*It is also used internally in HBCI.
−
:Unfortunately, you can't download the MT940 standard from SWIFT, but some banks (like [https://web.archive.org/web/20160725042101/http://www.societegenerale.rs/fileadmin/template/main/pdf/SGS%20MT940.pdf this one]) publish it on their web site.
+
:Unfortunately, you can't download the MT940 standard from SWIFT, but some banks (like [https://web.archive.org/web/20160725042101/http://www.societegenerale.rs/fileadmin/template/main/pdf/SGS%20MT940.pdf this one]) publish it on their website.
 
:Changes will be published at https://www.swift.com/standards/standards-resources.
 
:Changes will be published at https://www.swift.com/standards/standards-resources.
  
Line 90: Line 104:
 
==P==
 
==P==
  
−
;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP PHP]: originally ''Personal Home Page'', now '''PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor''' is the server sided ''scripting language'' in the pages of <tt>www.gnucash.org</tt>.
+
;PAS 76: A software standard for VAT tax reporting for UK businesses created by British Standards. The full name of this standard is "Publicly Available Specification Accounting software standard - PAS 76."
 +
 
 +
;[{{URL:wp}}PHP PHP]: originally ''Personal Home Page'', now '''PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor''' is the server sided ''scripting language'' in the pages of the [{{URL:www}} GnuCash website].
 +
 
 +
;$PREFIX: a build variable defining below which directory the installation is done. The defaults vary by OS and who installed it:
 +
:;Linux:
 +
::;Flatpak:<tt>/var/lib/flatpak/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash/current/active/files/</tt>
 +
::;Distribution:<tt>/usr</tt>
 +
::;self compiled:<tt>/usr/local</tt>
 +
:;{{mac}}:<tt>Gnucash.app/Contents/Resources</tt>
 +
:;Windows:<tt>C:\Program Files (x96)\gnucash</tt>
  
−
;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language) Python]: a programming language, which can be used to write extensions to GnuCash, if support was enabled at build time.
+
;[{{URL:wp}}Python_(programming_language) Python]: a programming language, which can be used to write extensions to GnuCash, if support was enabled at build time.
  
 
==Q==
 
==Q==
  
−
; QOF: Abbreviation of the Gnucash internal module '''Query Object Framework'''.
+
; QOF: Abbreviation of the Gnucash internal module '''Query Object Framework''', an abstraction level in the program code.
  
 
==S==
 
==S==
−
;Scheduled Transactions : are templates for entries that will occur in the future: for example, regularly recurring bills, such as utility or mortgage payments. SX's are meant to make it easier to enter in anything that recurs on a regular basis.
+
;Scheduled Transactions: are templates for entries that will occur in the future: for example, regularly recurring bills, such as utility or mortgage payments. SX's are meant to make it easier to enter in anything that recurs on a regular basis.
  
−
;[http://schemers.org Scheme] : a functional programming language, a dialect of ''Lisp''. There's a little more information at http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/projects/scheme/, where they'll tell you that "Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman.", but there are several tutorials like [http://pheattarchive.emporia.edu/courses/2002/cs220f02/anotherSchemeTtutorial/default.htm anotherSchemeTtutorial]. Use your preferred web search to find them.
+
;[http://schemers.org Scheme]: a functional programming language, a dialect of ''Lisp''. There's a little more information at http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/projects/scheme/, where they'll tell you that "Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman.", but there are several tutorials like [http://pheattarchive.emporia.edu/courses/2002/cs220f02/anotherSchemeTtutorial/default.htm another Scheme Tutorial]. Use your preferred web search to find them.
  
−
;SEPA : In the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Euro_Payments_Area Single Euro Payments Area] the [[#I|IBAN]] replaced national routing and accounting numbers.
+
;SEPA: In the [{{URL:wp}}Single_Euro_Payments_Area Single Euro Payments Area] the [[#I|IBAN]] replaces national routing and accounting numbers. After a "transitional phase" it obsoletes the [[#B|BIC]] for transfers inside the registered regions, too.
  
−
;SWIFT: The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Worldwide_Interbank_Financial_Telecommunication Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication] is among other things the editor of the [[#M|Message Type]] file standards.
+
;SWIFT: The [{{URL:wp}}Society_for_Worldwide_Interbank_Financial_Telecommunication Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication] is among other things the editor of the [[#M|Message Type]] file standards.
−
;[http://www.swig.org/ SWIG] : The ''Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator'' is 'a tool that connects programs written in C and C++ with a variety of high-level programming languages', here for creating Scheme interfaces to C libraries and vice versa. (Replacement for g-wrap since gnucash 2.2.0)
+
:[{{URL:SWIFT-standards}} Document centre, all resources Standards related] for downloads
 +
:[{{URL:SWIFT-knowledge}}us9m_20220722/1.0?topic=cat9-synop.htm Category 9 Message Types 2022-07-22] for browsing
 +
;[{{URL:swig}} SWIG]: The ''Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator'' is 'a tool that connects programs written in C and C++ with a variety of high-level programming languages', here for creating Scheme interfaces to C libraries and vice versa. (Replacement for g-wrap since gnucash 2.2.0)
  
−
;SX : Abbreviation of ''scheduled transaction'', ''IRC slang''.
+
;SX: Abbreviation of ''scheduled transaction'', ''IRC slang''.
  
 
==T==
 
==T==
  
−
;[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_CI Travis CI]: is a hosted, distributed ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration continuous integration]'' service used to build and test software projects hosted at GitHub. See [[Testing#Travis CI]] about our usage.
+
;[{{URL:wp}}Travis_CI Travis CI]: is a hosted, distributed ''[{{URL:wp}}Continuous_integration continuous integration]'' service used to build and test software projects hosted at GitHub. See [[Testing#Travis CI]] about our usage.
  
 
;txn : Abbreviation of ''transaction'', ''IRC slang''.
 
;txn : Abbreviation of ''transaction'', ''IRC slang''.
Line 118: Line 144:
 
==X==
 
==X==
  
−
; xacc: Abbreviation of ''XAccountant''.
+
;xacc: Abbreviation of ''XAccountant''.
−
; XAccountant: The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motif_%28software%29 Motif] based ancestor of Gnucash.
+
;XAccountant: The [{{URL:wp}}Motif_%28software%29 Motif] based ancestor of Gnucash.
−
; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML XML] : The eXtensible Markup Language can be seen as an abstraction of HTML. It is often used to store e.g.
+
;XDG: ''X Desktop Group'', former name of [{{URL:XDG}} freedesktop.org], a "collaboration zone" for standards and specifications where users can freely discuss ideas, is building a base platform for desktop software on Linux and UNIX.
 +
:Important is their [{{URL:XDG-spec}}basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html XDG Base Directory Specification], which defines <tt>$XDG_DATA_HOME</tt>, <tt>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</tt>, ...
 +
:Note: Microsoft uses its own standard [[#C|CSIDL]].
 +
;[{{URL:wp}}XML XML]: The ''eXtensible Markup Language'' can be seen as an abstraction of HTML. It is often used to store e.g.
 
:* '''structured data''' like ''your GnuCash file'' or
 
:* '''structured data''' like ''your GnuCash file'' or
 
:* '''technical documentation''' in [[#D|Docbook]].
 
:* '''technical documentation''' in [[#D|Docbook]].
−
: For details see the [http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/ W3C Recommendation].
+
:For details see the [{{URL:W3C}}TR/REC-xml/ W3C Recommendation].
−
; [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSLT XSLT]: The eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL ''Formatting Objects'', which may subsequently be converted to other formats, such as PDF...
+
;[{{URL:wp}}XSLT XSLT]: The ''eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations'' is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL ''Formatting Objects'', which may subsequently be converted to other formats, such as PDF...
−
: It is used in the Gnucash Project to generate the different formats of the [https://code.gnucash.org/docs/ Documentation]. Technical details can be found in [[Documentation Components]].
+
:*It is used in the Gnucash Project to generate the different formats of the [{{URL:docs}} Documentation]. Technical details can be found in [[Documentation Components]].
 +
:*Users of the GnuCash xml backend can also use it, to extract data from their file, e.g. generate a [[Account Hierarchy Template]], a table of accounts ...
  
 
==[ ... ~==
 
==[ ... ~==
  
 
; '''~''' : In a path name it has the same meaning as [[#.22_.22_..._.40|$HOME]].
 
; '''~''' : In a path name it has the same meaning as [[#.22_.22_..._.40|$HOME]].

Latest revision as of 13:57, 5 May 2023

Languages Deutsch עִברִית

The glossary explains some often used terms.

Since version 2.6.15 GnuCash's Tutorial & Concepts Guide includes a glossary. This page contains additional terms useful for developers, documentation writers, and translators.

" " ... @

$ 
is the starting symbol of variable names under Linux, similar to %variable% under Windows.
$HOME
contains the path to your home directory.
Windows Note: $HOME is at %SYSDRIVE%\Documents and Settings\%USER%\.
For example, if your system is installed on drive "C:" and your username is "foo", $HOME is C:\Documents and Settings\foo.

A

AqBanking
a library, which implements the german Home Banking Computer Interface HBCI and Electronic Banking Internet Communication Standard EBICS, besides OFX Direct Connect and Paypal. It is the successor of openHBCI. See AqBanking for use in GnuCash.

B

BIC
The alphanumeric Business Identifier Codes are international routing codes registered at SWIFT. In contrast to national routing numbers they are used in international money transfer.
See also
IBAN, SEPA, SWIFT.

C

Chart of Accounts (CoA)
A listing of all the accounts available in the data file. The chart of accounts consists of balance sheet accounts (assets, liabilities, stockholders' equity) and income statement accounts (revenues, expenses, gains, losses). The chart of accounts can be expanded and tailored to reflect the operations of the company. The GnuCash chart of accounts can be selected from the File menu.
CSIDL
Constant special item ID list values provide a unique system-independent way to identify special folders used frequently by applications, but which may not have the same name or location on any given system. For example, the system folder may be "C:\Windows" on one system and "C:\Winnt" on another. These constants are defined in Shlobj.h. Windows Dev Center
Microsofts equivalent to XDG.
CSV
Stands for Comma Separated Values. CSV files are used to store a table of data in plain text. Each line of the file is a record and each record can be comprised of multiple fields separated by commas. More information can be found at Wikipedia

D

DBMS 
Data Base Management System, like mySQL or PostgreSQL
DocBook 
a Semantics markup language for technical documentation based on XML. The content can then be published in a variety of formats, including HTML, XHTML, EPUB, PDF, man pages, Web help and HTML Help, without requiring users to make any changes to the source. Urs Lindegger has a nice introduction while the official documentation is available with DocBook: The Definitive Guide.
Doxygen 
a tool for the automated generation of source code documentation. doxygen.org says that "Doxygen is a documentation system for C++, C, Java, IDL (Corba and Microsoft flavors) and to some extent PHP and C#."

F

FHS
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard defines the directory structure and directory contents in Linux distributions. But the structure of the users $HOME directory if defined by XDG.

G

GAAP 
The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are the rules by which Business Accounting has to be done, especially in the U.S. and some other countries. For international standards see International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). You should also compare your locale standards like e.g. for Germany Grundsätze ordnungsmäßiger Buchführung.
GConf 
Gnome's Configuration Sytem has been used by GnuCash <=2.4 to store its configuration. In 2.5.x it was replaced by GSettings.
GNOME
pristine derived from GNU Network Object Model Environment is a desktop environment, from which Gnucash uses a bunch of libraries.
GSettings
Since GnuCash 2.5 the tool to store the users configuration data. It uses the native data store of the operating system:
Linux
DConf since Gnome 3.0 dropped GConf. Use the command-line dconf-editor to modify prefs when GnuCash isn't running.
MacOsX
Defaults. Use the command-line defaults(1) to modify prefs when GnuCash isn't running.
Windows
Registry.
gtk 
the GIMP Tool Kit. It is the underlying graphical library that is used by GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, but also by the whole Gnome desktop. gtk.org says that "GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. Offering a complete set of widgets, GTK+ is suitable for projects ranging from small one-off projects to complete application suites."
guile 
GNU Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions is an interpreter for the Scheme programming language, packaged as a library which can be incorporated into your programs. Other interpreters for Scheme are e.g. MIT Scheme, UMB Scheme, Luna, Hobbit, and many others.
g-wrap 
a tool for creating Scheme interfaces to C libraries and vice versa. (replaced by swig for gnucash >= 2.2.0)

H

HBCI/FinTS 
a bank-independent online banking protocol used by German banks. HBCI (Home Banking Computer Interface) has been developed by the German Central Banking Committee ZKA (Zentraler Kredit-Ausschuss). The standard is publicly available and is used by almost all German banks, but nowhere else in this world. Since 2002 it is called „Financial Transaction Services“ (FinTS). In GnuCash it can be used via AqBanking.
HTML
The HyperText Markup Language is usually used for websites, but also the GnuCash reports.

I

IBAN 
The International Bank Account Number consits of up to 34 alphanumeric characters, as follows:
  • country code using ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 – two letters,
  • check digits – two digits, and
  • Basic Bank Account Number (BBAN) – up to 30 alphanumeric characters that are country-specific. It is often a concatation of the former national bank code and the account number.
The standard is ISO 13616.
See also
BIC, SEPA, SWIFT.
IRC 
Internet Relay Chat is a form of instant communication over the Internet. It is used for GnuCash to enable group (many-to-many) communication in a discussion forum, called channel. IRC in itself additionally also allows one-to-one communication. you can find the connection information at IRC

L

LibOFX 
an Open Source library for OFX (see below). It was created by one of the GnuCash developers (Benoit Gregoire), originally to be the OFX interface for GnuCash.

M

MIC 
Market Identifier Code (ISO 10383) is a unique identification code used to identify securities trading exchanges, regulated and non-regulated trading markets. The MIC is a four alphanumeric character code like XNAS for US NASDAQ and used in some Online Quotes modules.
Download
iso20022.org/market-identifier-codes
MIME 
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions are also used to register document types and associate them with applications in desktop environments like Gnome, KDE, ...
MTxxx 
SWIFT Message Types are a bunch of financial information standards defined by SWIFT and used for international exchange. Several (European) banks offer interfaces for some of them to their clients, too.
  • GnuCash can import some MT94x files.
  • It is also used internally in HBCI.
Unfortunately, you can't download the MT940 standard from SWIFT, but some banks (like this one) publish it on their website.
Changes will be published at https://www.swift.com/standards/standards-resources.

O

OFX 
the Open Financial eXchange format. This is a financial information standard (i.e. a file format standard) documented at http://www.ofx.net/DeveloperSolutions.aspx
OpenHBCI 
was an Open Source implementation of the German HBCI. It was replaced in 2004 by AqBanking.

P

PAS 76
A software standard for VAT tax reporting for UK businesses created by British Standards. The full name of this standard is "Publicly Available Specification Accounting software standard - PAS 76."
PHP
originally Personal Home Page, now PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor is the server sided scripting language in the pages of the GnuCash website.
$PREFIX
a build variable defining below which directory the installation is done. The defaults vary by OS and who installed it:
Linux
Flatpak
/var/lib/flatpak/app/org.gnucash.GnuCash/current/active/files/
Distribution
/usr
self compiled
/usr/local
macOS
Gnucash.app/Contents/Resources
Windows
C:\Program Files (x96)\gnucash
Python
a programming language, which can be used to write extensions to GnuCash, if support was enabled at build time.

Q

QOF
Abbreviation of the Gnucash internal module Query Object Framework, an abstraction level in the program code.

S

Scheduled Transactions
are templates for entries that will occur in the future: for example, regularly recurring bills, such as utility or mortgage payments. SX's are meant to make it easier to enter in anything that recurs on a regular basis.
Scheme
a functional programming language, a dialect of Lisp. There's a little more information at http://www.swiss.ai.mit.edu/projects/scheme/, where they'll tell you that "Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy Lewis Steele Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman.", but there are several tutorials like another Scheme Tutorial. Use your preferred web search to find them.
SEPA
In the Single Euro Payments Area the IBAN replaces national routing and accounting numbers. After a "transitional phase" it obsoletes the BIC for transfers inside the registered regions, too.
SWIFT
The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication is among other things the editor of the Message Type file standards.
Document centre, all resources Standards related for downloads
Category 9 Message Types 2022-07-22 for browsing
SWIG
The Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator is 'a tool that connects programs written in C and C++ with a variety of high-level programming languages', here for creating Scheme interfaces to C libraries and vice versa. (Replacement for g-wrap since gnucash 2.2.0)
SX
Abbreviation of scheduled transaction, IRC slang.

T

Travis CI
is a hosted, distributed continuous integration service used to build and test software projects hosted at GitHub. See Testing#Travis CI about our usage.
txn 
Abbreviation of transaction, IRC slang.

X

xacc
Abbreviation of XAccountant.
XAccountant
The Motif based ancestor of Gnucash.
XDG
X Desktop Group, former name of freedesktop.org, a "collaboration zone" for standards and specifications where users can freely discuss ideas, is building a base platform for desktop software on Linux and UNIX.
Important is their XDG Base Directory Specification, which defines $XDG_DATA_HOME, $XDG_CONFIG_HOME, ...
Note: Microsoft uses its own standard CSIDL.
XML
The eXtensible Markup Language can be seen as an abstraction of HTML. It is often used to store e.g.
  • structured data like your GnuCash file or
  • technical documentation in Docbook.
For details see the W3C Recommendation.
XSLT
The eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL Formatting Objects, which may subsequently be converted to other formats, such as PDF...

[ ... ~

~ 
In a path name it has the same meaning as $HOME.
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