Difference between revisions of "Using the API"

Revision as of 12:28, 15 November 2020

This page collects some examples on how to use the C API of gnucash for basic data type manipulation. The C API (also called "the engine") is the abstraction layer from any backend. That is, the GUI or plugin programmer should never access any XML or SQL himself but instead he only uses the functions from the C API to access the data.

Documentation

As for documentation: Unfortunately there doesn't exist any up-to-date coherent set of documentation. Part of it is in Doxygen, but part of it are only in the C header files.

A module overview is available for those parts that are documented in doxygen. For example, there is a module group entitled "GnuCash Engine: Core, Non-GUI Accounting Functions" which contains the doxygen-ized parts of this, including the "Account", but not including Transaction and Split which are the other important basic data types.

Entity-Relationship Diagram is an up-to-date (May 2011, but the schema is unchanged in mid-2017) Entity-Relationship-Diagram (ERD) which shows those most important types of gnucash (in the form of tables, as common for an ERD):

• Split
• Transaction
• Account
• Commodity (typedef name: gnc_commodity)
• Book (typedef name: QofBook)

The only place that is for sure up-to-date are the header files:

• src/engine/Split.h
• src/engine/Transaction.h
• src/engine/Account.h
• src/engine/gnc-commodity.h
• src/libqof/qof/qofbook.h

Hint: You might notice that QofBook appears not in the src/engine/ directory but instead in the src/libqof/qof/ directory. These are the remnants of a previous attempt to establish an abstraction layer for some even more generic form of data type which is not yet specialized to financial accounting. In my (cstim's) opinion this attempt was unsuitable for gnucash and also not carried out very well, but right now we simply have to live with the fact that the majority of the basic data types are in src/engine/ whereas some other basic types are in src/libqof/qof/. (To be precise, the src/engine code depends on src/libqof/qof and not the other way round, but this is just an implementation detail and not important for you.) You can just consider both directories as one common collection of the C API, and you can just think of both directories as two equally important parts of the C API.

If you intend to use those basic types from outside of gnucash, the following set of libraries contains the functions needed for this basic C API:

src/libqof/qof/libgnc-qof.la
src/core-utils/libgnc-core-utils.la
src/gnc-module/libgnc-module.la
src/engine/libgncmod-engine.la
src/backend/xml/libgncmod-backend-xml.la
src/app-utils/libgncmod-app-utils.la

in increasing order, i.e. the latter ones depend on the former ones.

In the C++ cutecash project, consequently those five important types appear again in separate header files which contain the C++ wrapper classes for the respective basic types:

• src/gnc/Split.hpp
• src/gnc/Transaction.hpp
• src/gnc/Account.hpp
• src/gnc/Commodity.hpp
• src/gnc/Book.hpp

Creating a new transaction

Here's the code to create a new transaction (abbreviated by "txn") and populate it with data, using "almost correct" C code (in reality, all the variable declarations must appear on top and not within the code):

 Account *account = ...; // get this from somewhere
 QofBook *book = gnc_account_get_book(account);
 
 Transaction *transaction = xaccMallocTransaction(book); // Creating the new transaction
 xaccTransBeginEdit(transaction); // Opening it for editing

The txn is created. We can set the txn-related data fields:

 xaccTransSetDatePostedSecs(transaction, 1234567); // Date of this txn
 xaccTransSetNum(transaction, "X23");
 xaccTransSetNotes(transaction, "Some notes, bla bla");

As gnucash is capable of multi-currency handling, every txn must have a "transaction currency" set:

 Commodity *currency = xaccAccountGetCommodity(account);
 xaccTransSetCurrency(transaction, currency); // Txn must have a commodity/currency set

The actual amount/value of a transaction is given by its two or more splits. We create the first split:

 Split *split = xaccMallocSplit(book);
 xaccTransAppendSplit(transaction, split); // Split belongs to this txn
 xaccAccountInsertSplit(account, split); // Split belongs to this account
 gnc_numeric amount = gnc_numeric_create(123, 100); // 1.23
 xaccSplitSetValue(split, amount);
 xaccSplitSetAmount(split, amount);

As for the SetValue and SetAmount: In multi-currency or stock trading txn, the amount is different from the value and vice versa. As long as you're dealing with exactly one currency, both value and amount are set to be the same value.

Then we create the second split so that we have a normal two-split transaction, as usual in the double-entry bookkeeping:

 Account* other_account = ...; // need to get this from somewhere
 Split *split2 = xaccMallocSplit(book);
 xaccTransAppendSplit(transaction, split2); // Split belongs to this txn
 xaccAccountInsertSplit(other_account, split2); // Split belongs to this account
 gnc_numeric other_amount = gnc_numeric_create(-123, 100); // -1.23, the negative value for above
 xaccSplitSetValue(split, other_amount);
 xaccSplitSetAmount(split, other_amount);

In the end, we must finish the transaction editing by calling the CommitEdit function:

 xaccTransCommitEdit(transaction); // We are finished editing

Usage Examples

Some examples are in Python_shell#Usage_examples.